马来西亚洋葱主要指当地菜肴中使用的品种（黄洋葱、红洋葱、青葱、小葱），以及该国对进口洋葱的严重依赖，主要进口来源是中国、印度和巴基斯坦。不过，马来西亚正积极推动国内青葱和红洋葱的生产，以减少进口依赖，并计划通过政府主导的举措和现代农业技术，在2030年实现30%的洋葱自给率，从而提高粮食安全。 主要种类及用途 黄洋葱：用于咖喱、汤和油炸菜肴，煮熟后味道会变甜。 红洋葱：常用于生食（ulam）、泡菜和作为配料；因其风味和保质期长而越来越受欢迎。 青葱（Bawang Merah）：因其优质的香料酱（rempah）和炸青葱配料（bawang goreng）而备受推崇。 大葱（Daun Bawang）：常用于马来西亚中式菜肴（如炒粿条）的装饰。 供需动态 高度依赖进口：马来西亚几乎所有新鲜大葱都依赖进口，其中中国、印度和巴基斯坦是最大的供应国。 供应链脆弱性：诸如印度2020年的出口禁令等中断事件凸显了供应链风险，促使马来西亚加大本地生产力度。 本地种植举措（马来西亚农业研究与发展局倡议） 重点：开发适合当地条件的红葱和青葱种子。 目标：到2030年种植面积达到1347公顷，以满足30%的需求，从而提高粮食安全。 方法：采用现代农业、精准农业和基础设施建设。 市场趋势 需求增长：家庭和餐饮服务业对红葱的需求不断增长。 技术整合：利用数字平台提高市场透明度。 Malaysian onions primarily refer to the varieties used in local cuisine (yellow, red, shallots, spring onions) and the country's heavy reliance on imports, mainly from China, India, and Pakistan, though Malaysia is actively boosting domestic shallot and red onion production to reduce import dependency, aiming for 30% self-sufficiency by 2030 through government-led initiatives and modern farming techniques to improve food security. Key Types & Uses Yellow Onions: Used for curries, soups, and fried dishes, becoming sweet when cooked. Red Onions: Popular in raw dishes (ulam), pickles, and as toppings; increasingly favored for their flavor and shelf life. Shallots (Bawang Merah): Prized for premium pastes (rempah) and fried shallot toppings (bawang goreng). Spring Onions (Daun Bawang): Used fresh for garnish in Chinese-Malaysian dishes like char kway teow. Supply & Import Dynamics High Import Reliance: Malaysia imports almost all its fresh onions, with China, India, and Pakistan being the largest suppliers. Supply Chain Vulnerabilities: Disruptions, like India's export ban in 2020, highlight risks, prompting local production efforts. Local Cultivation Efforts (Mardi Initiative) Focus: Developing suitable shallot and red onion seeds for local conditions. Goals: Cultivating 1,347 hectares by 2030 to meet 30% of demand, enhancing food security. Methods: Using modern farming, precision agriculture, and infrastructure development. Market Trends Rising Demand: Growing demand for red onions from households and food services. Tech Integration: Use of digital platforms for market transparency.